UPSC CORE · NCERT GEOGRAPHY · UPSC GS-II INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
India's Foreign Policy + Bilateral Relations 🤝
NCERT-aligned UPSC Core Geography topic from NCERT Class 11/12 + standard reference works (Bipan Chandra, R.S. Sharma, Romila Thapar). Every item is anchored to a real location on India's map — built for boards (CBSE, ICSE, state) and UPSC aspirants.
📚 NCERT TEXTBOOK ALIGNMENT
Class UPSC Geography — NCERT Class 11/12 + standard reference works (Bipan Chandra, R.S. Sharma, Romila Thapar) — Chapter: UPSC GS-II International Relations.
115LOCATIONS
455QUESTIONS
UPSC CORENCERT LEVEL
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Key locations covered (115)
- Panchsheel — Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence — 1954 Sino-Indian Agreement on Tibet · Nehru-Zhou Enlai · Hindi-Chini-Bhai-Bhai
- Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) — 1961 Belgrade · Nehru+Tito+Nasser+Sukarno+Nkrumah · 120+ members
- Look East Policy (1991–2014) — PM PV Narasimha Rao · ASEAN engagement · post-liberalisation
- Act East Policy (2014–) — PM Modi at ASEAN Summit Nay Pyi Taw Nov 2014 · 4 Cs
- Neighbourhood First Policy — 2014 Modi doctrine · SAARC neighbours priority
- Link West Policy — 2014 Modi · Gulf + West Asia engagement
- Indo-Pacific Doctrine — Shangri-La 2018 — Modi keynote Shangri-La Dialogue Jun 2018 · inclusive Indo-Pacific
- SAGAR — Security and Growth for All in the Region — Mar 2015 Modi at Mauritius · maritime cooperation IOR
- MAHASAGAR Doctrine (2025) — Mar 2025 Mauritius Modi · expanded SAGAR for Global South maritime
- Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam — G20 Theme — G20 New Delhi 2023 theme · 'One Earth · One Family · One Future'
- Voice of Global South Summit — Jan 2023 first · Aug 2024 third · ~125 countries · virtual format
- India-USA 123 Agreement (Civil Nuclear Deal) — 2008 Indo-US Nuclear Deal · NSG waiver · UPA-I PM Manmohan Singh
- LEMOA (Logistics Exchange Memorandum 2016) — Foundational defence agreement · reciprocal logistic support
- COMCASA (2018) — India-US Communications Pact — Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement · encrypted comms
- BECA (2020) — Geospatial Intelligence — Basic Exchange Cooperation Agreement · GEOINT sharing
- iCET — Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technologies — Launched Jan 2023 · NSA Doval-Sullivan · semiconductors/AI/quantum/space/defence
- Modi US State Visit June 2023 — Biden invited · 2nd address Joint US Congress · GE F414 jet engine deal
- Modi US Visit September 2024 — Quad Wilmington — Wilmington Delaware · Biden host · last Biden-era Quad
- Trump 2.0 Era India-US (2025) — Trump 2nd term Jan 20 2025 · Modi visit Washington Feb 12-13 2025 · Mission 500
- IPEF — Indo-Pacific Economic Framework — May 2022 Tokyo launch · India joined Pillars 2-4 only (skipped Trade)
- Indo-US Defence Deals 2024 — Stryker, M1A2 Abrams co-prod, MQ-9 Reaper, Apr 2024 announcements
- 1962 Sino-India War — McMahon Line · Aksai Chin · NEFA (Arunachal) · Indian humiliation
- LAC — Line of Actual Control — 3,488 km · Western (Aksai Chin), Middle, Eastern (AR) sectors
- Galwan Valley Clash 2020 — 15 Jun 2020 · 20 Indian + 4 Chinese soldiers killed · Col Santosh Babu
- Eastern Ladakh Standoff 2020-24 — May 2020 PLA aggression · 22 rounds Corps Commander talks · Oct 2024 disengagement
- India-China Trade — China = India's 2nd largest trading partner FY24 · trade deficit ~$85 bn
- Tibet Issue + Dalai Lama — Dharamshala HQ · Tibetan Govt-in-Exile · China 2024 succession decree
- Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) — India's Stance — 2013 Xi · India NOT joined · CPEC passes PoK · Maldives/Nepal/SL joined
- South China Sea — India's Position — UNCLOS-based · Vietnam ONGC blocks · Quad freedom of navigation
- Brahmaputra Mega-Dam Concern (2024) — Yarlung Tsangpo dam Medog Tibet approved Dec 2024 · ~60 GW
- 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War — Indira Gandhi + Mukti Bahini · Dhaka surrender Dec 16 1971 · Vijay Diwas
- Shimla Agreement 1972 — Indira-Z Bhutto · LoC bilateralisation
- Lahore Declaration 1999 — Vajpayee bus diplomacy · Feb 1999 · followed by Kargil
- Kargil War 1999 — Operation Vijay — May-Jul 1999 · Tiger Hill · Captain Vikram Batra · Param Vir Chakra
- 26/11 Mumbai Attacks 2008 — LeT · 166 killed · David Headley · Ajmal Kasab executed 2012
- Article 370 Abrogation Aug 2019 — 5 Aug 2019 · J&K UT + Ladakh UT · SC upheld Dec 11 2023
- Pulwama Attack + Balakot Strike (Feb 2019) — 14 Feb Pulwama CRPF · 26 Feb IAF Balakot strike · Wg Cdr Abhinandan
- Line of Control + 2021 Ceasefire — 740 km · CFA renewed Feb 25 2021 · mostly holding
- Indus Waters Treaty 1960 — World Bank brokered · 3 Eastern Rivers India + 3 Western Pakistan · Jan 2023 modification notice
- Kartarpur Corridor — Nov 2019 visa-free · Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Pakistan
- Pakistan FATF Status — Removed from Grey List Oct 2022 · after 4 years
- 1971 Liberation + Mujibur Rahman — Mukti Bahini · Mujib · Indira Dec 3-16 1971 · Bangladesh creation
- Land Boundary Agreement (LBA) 2015 — 100th CAA · 162 enclaves exchanged · Tin Bigha Corridor
- Sheikh Hasina Fall (Aug 2024) — Ousted Aug 5 2024 student protests · fled to India · Yunus interim
- Mongla Port Access — Tripura sea access · Indo-Bangla port pact
- 2022 Sri Lanka Economic Crisis — Gotabaya fled May 2022 · Ranil Wickremesinghe · India $4 bn bailout
- LTTE + Tamil Eelam (1983-2009) — Prabhakaran killed May 2009 · IPKF 1987-90
- Katchatheevu Island — TN politics · 1974 ceded to SL · 285 acres
- AKAN Bridge — India-Sri Lanka (Mar 2025) — Modi visit · MoU for connectivity
- Sri Lanka 2024 — Dissanayake Presidency — Sept 2024 · Anura Kumara Dissanayake · JVP first leftist · India visit
- 1950 India-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship — Open border · ~1.6 mn Nepalis work India · Eminent Persons Group review
- KP Sharma Oli — 4th term (Jul 2024) — Coalition with Deuba (NC) · ousted Prachanda
- Kalapani-Lipulekh-Limpiyadhura Dispute — Nepal new map Jun 2020 · constitutional amendment
- India-Nepal Hydropower — Arun-III · Pancheshwar · ₹13K cr 2024 deal
- Nepal-BRI Framework (Dec 2024) — Implementation plan signed under Oli
- India-Bhutan Friendship Treaty (1949 → 2007) — 1949 original · 2007 amended · Bhutan foreign-policy freedom
- Doklam Standoff 2017 — 73-day · Bhutan-China-India tri-junction · India intervened
- India-Bhutan Hydropower Projects — Mangdechhu · Punatsangchhu · 70% revenue model
- Myanmar 2021 Coup — Feb 1 2021 · Tatmadaw · Aung San Suu Kyi jailed
- Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project — Sittwe Port Myanmar · Mizoram link · Act East flagship
- + 55 more in the interactive map
Sample questions (12 of 455)
In which year was the Panchsheel Agreement signed between India and China?
1954
Which two leaders signed the Panchsheel Agreement?
Jawaharlal Nehru (India) and Zhou Enlai (China)
How many principles are enshrined in the Panchsheel doctrine?
Five
Which is NOT a Panchsheel principle: (a) mutual respect for sovereignty (b) non-aggression (c) non-interference (d) joint military command?
(d) joint military command
The Panchsheel Agreement was originally signed in connection with which territory?
Tibet
Which Hindi slogan symbolised the Panchsheel era of India-China bonhomie?
Hindi-Chini Bhai-Bhai
The principle of 'equality and mutual benefit' is part of which doctrine?
Panchsheel
Which 1962 event effectively ended the Panchsheel era?
Sino-Indian War
Panchsheel principles were later incorporated into the preamble of which 1955 conference declaration?
Bandung Declaration
Year of the 70th anniversary celebration of Panchsheel jointly hosted in Beijing was:
2024
In which year and city was the Non-Aligned Movement formally founded?
1961, Belgrade
Who were the five founding leaders of NAM?
Nehru (India), Tito (Yugoslavia), Nasser (Egypt), Sukarno (Indonesia), Nkrumah (Ghana)
All 455 questions are available in the interactive map quiz.
About this topic
This topic is part of the NCERT UPSC Core Geography syllabus, specifically the textbook NCERT Class 11/12 + standard reference works (Bipan Chandra, R.S. Sharma, Romila Thapar), drawn from the chapter UPSC GS-II International Relations. Content is cross-referenced against the latest NCERT textbook editions + standard reference works (Bipan Chandra, R.S. Sharma, Romila Thapar, Satish Chandra for history; G.C. Leong, Savindra Singh for geography; the UPSC Civil Services prelims + mains syllabus).
Use the interactive India map to learn india's foreign policy + bilateral relations the way memory works best — by spatial location. Each pin opens a flashcard. Mark "Knew it" or "Didn't know" to track your mastery over time.
Built with Claude (AI authorship)
The questions, answers, item descriptions, and period chips on this page were authored with the help of Claude, an AI assistant by Anthropic, under human editorial direction. The catalog is our best approximation of factual knowledge synthesised from NCERT textbooks, the UPSC syllabus, and standard reference works. For high-stakes exams, please cross-check critical facts against your official NCERT textbook. Reports to support@bharatgeoquiz.com are folded into future updates as the community grows. Full disclosure on the Terms page →
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