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UPSC CORE · NCERT GEOGRAPHY · WILDLIFE & BIOGEOGRAPHY

Biogeographic Zones of India 📌

NCERT-aligned UPSC Core Geography topic from NCERT Class 11/12 + standard reference works (Bipan Chandra, R.S. Sharma, Romila Thapar). Every item is anchored to a real location on India's map — built for boards (CBSE, ICSE, state) and UPSC aspirants.

📚 NCERT TEXTBOOK ALIGNMENT
Class UPSC Geography — NCERT Class 11/12 + standard reference works (Bipan Chandra, R.S. Sharma, Romila Thapar) — Chapter: Wildlife & Biogeography.
10LOCATIONS
100QUESTIONS
UPSC CORENCERT LEVEL
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Key locations covered (10)

Sample questions (12 of 100)

What share of India's geographical area does the Trans-Himalaya biogeographic zone occupy?
About 5.6% (page 41 panel).
Which states/UTs principally fall in the Trans-Himalaya zone?
Ladakh, the Lahaul-Spiti belt of Himachal Pradesh and the northern fringe of Sikkim.
Name the characteristic large mammal of the Trans-Himalaya cold desert.
Snow leopard (with Tibetan wild ass / kiang and Tibetan gazelle as supporting species).
Which biosphere reserve in this zone is featured on Maps Deep p.41?
Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve (Lahaul-Spiti / Pin Valley).
What is the dominant vegetation type of the Trans-Himalaya?
Sparse alpine steppe and cold-desert scrub (Caragana, Artemisia, Ephedra).
Why does this zone receive very little precipitation?
It lies in the rain shadow of the Greater Himalaya; the monsoon is intercepted before reaching it.
Which Ramsar lakes lie in the Trans-Himalaya zone?
Tso Moriri, Tso Kar and Pangong (Tso) wetland complexes in Ladakh.
Which migratory bird breeds in the Trans-Himalaya wetlands?
Black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis) – the only crane species nesting in India.
What is the typical altitude range of Trans-Himalaya in India?
Roughly 3,000-6,000 m above mean sea level.
Which national park lies entirely in the Trans-Himalaya?
Hemis National Park, Ladakh (India's largest NP by area).
What percentage of India's geographical area does the Himalaya zone cover?
About 6.4% (page 41 panel).
Name the four altitudinal forest belts of the Himalaya zone from base to top.
Tropical/Sub-tropical broad-leaved -> Temperate (oak, deodar) -> Sub-alpine conifer -> Alpine meadow.

All 100 questions are available in the interactive map quiz.

About this topic

This topic is part of the NCERT UPSC Core Geography syllabus, specifically the textbook NCERT Class 11/12 + standard reference works (Bipan Chandra, R.S. Sharma, Romila Thapar), drawn from the chapter Wildlife & Biogeography. Content is cross-referenced against the latest NCERT textbook editions + standard reference works (Bipan Chandra, R.S. Sharma, Romila Thapar, Satish Chandra for history; G.C. Leong, Savindra Singh for geography; the UPSC Civil Services prelims + mains syllabus).

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