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UPSC CORE · NCERT HISTORY · SATISH CHANDRA VOL I CH 3-4: THE DELHI SULTANATE — SLAVE DYNASTY

Slave / Mamluk Dynasty (1206-90) 🕌

NCERT-aligned UPSC Core History topic from NCERT Class 11/12 + standard reference works (Bipan Chandra, R.S. Sharma, Romila Thapar). Every item is anchored to a real location on India's map — built for boards (CBSE, ICSE, state) and UPSC aspirants.

📚 NCERT TEXTBOOK ALIGNMENT
Class UPSC History — NCERT Class 11/12 + standard reference works (Bipan Chandra, R.S. Sharma, Romila Thapar) — Chapter: Satish Chandra Vol I Ch 3-4: The Delhi Sultanate — Slave Dynasty.
5LOCATIONS
59QUESTIONS
UPSC CORENCERT LEVEL
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Key locations covered (5)

Sample questions (12 of 59)

Who was Qutb-ud-din Aibak?
AIBAK was a Turkish military slave (mamluk) of Muhammad of Ghor, captured + sold as boy in Nishapur (Iran), educated by Qazi of Nishapur. Rose to be Ghori's most trusted general; commanded the Indian conquests after Tarain II (1192). After Ghori's assassination 1206, declared independence + founded the SLAVE DYNASTY. Capital initially at LAHORE (where he was crowned), then moved to DELHI.
Aibak's famous title + nickname?
"LAKH-BAKSH" ("giver of lakhs") — for his lavish generosity (gave away gold by the lakh). Coronated as Sultan in 1206 at LAHORE. Per medieval chroniclers, he reduced his treasury to nothing through gifts. Made him popular but financially weak.
Aibak's monuments?
Started construction of the QUTUB MINAR (1199) at Mehrauli (Delhi) — completed by Iltutmish; 72.5 m tall; commemorates Tarain victory. Built QUWWAT-UL-ISLAM MOSQUE (1193) — Delhi's FIRST mosque, on the site of a demolished Hindu/Jain temple complex (used carved temple pillars in the courtyard). Built ADHAI-DIN-KA-JHONPRA at Ajmer (mosque, named "2.5 day shed" because tradition says it was built in 2.5 days).
How did Aibak die?
1210 CE — fell from his horse during a CHAUGAN (POLO) game in LAHORE; died of injuries. Buried at Lahore. Brief 4-year reign; consolidation of Sultanate territory was incomplete; succession was contested.
QUTB MINAR — when + by whom?
QUTB-UD-DIN AIBAK started construction 1199 CE; ILTUTMISH completed 4 storeys 1220 CE; FIROZ SHAH TUGHLUQ added 5th storey 1369 CE. Made of RED SANDSTONE + marble. 73m tall (tallest BRICK MINARET in world). UNESCO 1993. Built to commemorate Aibak's victory + as VICTORY TOWER. Adjacent: QUWWAT-UL-ISLAM mosque (built on demolished Hindu/Jain temples — pillars reused).
Slave/Mamluk dynasty was founded by?
Qutb-ud-din Aibak (1206 CE)
Aibak's capital was?
Lahore (briefly Delhi)
Aibak began construction of which monument?
Qutb Minar (Delhi) and Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque
Aibak was nicknamed 'Lakh Baksh' because?
Of his generosity (lit. 'giver of lakhs')
Aibak died in?
1210 CE — falling from horse during polo (chaugan) at Lahore
Why is Iltutmish the "REAL FOUNDER" of the Sultanate?
Aibak had only 4 years; the real CONSOLIDATION was by SHAMSUDDIN ILTUTMISH (r. 1211-1236, 25 years). He: (i) defeated rival mamluk-generals (Aibak's brother-in-law TAJUDDIN YILDIZ at Tarain 1216; QABACHA of Sindh 1228); (ii) crushed Hindu rebellions (Ranthambhore, Mandu, Bayana); (iii) got investiture from the ABBASID CALIPH at Baghdad in 1229 — first Indian Muslim ruler to be RECOGNISED as legitimate Sultan; (iv) established the IQTA system; (v) introduced the SILVER TANKA + COPPER JITAL coinage; (vi) WISELY avoided clash with the MONGOLS (Genghis Khan was at the Indus 1221).
How did Iltutmish handle the Mongol crisis (1221)?
1221 — Khwarazmian prince JALAL-UD-DIN MANGBARNI (fleeing Genghis Khan) sought refuge with Iltutmish. Iltutmish DIPLOMATICALLY refused (telling Mangbarni Indian climate was "too hot" for him); avoided giving the Mongols a pretext to invade India. Mangbarni eventually fled west; Genghis Khan turned back from the Indus. Indian Sultanate spared from Mongol devastation that destroyed Iran + Russia + China.

All 59 questions are available in the interactive map quiz.

About this topic

This topic is part of the NCERT UPSC Core History syllabus, specifically the textbook NCERT Class 11/12 + standard reference works (Bipan Chandra, R.S. Sharma, Romila Thapar), drawn from the chapter Satish Chandra Vol I Ch 3-4: The Delhi Sultanate — Slave Dynasty. Content is cross-referenced against the latest NCERT textbook editions + standard reference works (Bipan Chandra, R.S. Sharma, Romila Thapar, Satish Chandra for history; G.C. Leong, Savindra Singh for geography; the UPSC Civil Services prelims + mains syllabus).

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