NCERT-aligned Class 11 Geography topic. Every item is anchored to a real location on India's map — built for boards (CBSE, ICSE, state) and UPSC aspirants.
How old is the earth?
Approximately 4,600 million years old.
Three geological divisions of India?
(i) The Peninsular Block, (ii) The Himalayas and other Peninsular Mountains, (iii) Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain.
Where was the Indian plate millions of years ago?
South of the equator — much larger in size, with the Australian plate as part of it. Plate broke up; Indian plate moved north, Australian SE.
Is the Indian plate still moving?
Yes — northward movement continues, with significant consequences (Himalayan uplift, earthquakes).
Two forces shaping India's geomorphology?
Endogenic (internal — plate tectonics, volcanism) and Exogenic (external — weathering, erosion).
Northern boundary of the Peninsular Block?
Irregular line from Kachchh along western flank of Aravallis near Delhi → roughly parallel to Yamuna + Ganga as far as Rajmahal Hills + Ganga delta.
NE extension of the Peninsular Block?
Karbi Anglong (Assam) and Meghalaya Plateau — separated from Chotanagpur by the Malda fault in West Bengal.
Western extension?
Rajasthan — Peninsular Block extends west; desert and desert-like features overlay it.
Composition of the Peninsular Block?
Great complex of very ancient gneisses and granites — has stood as a rigid block since the Cambrian period.
Three rift valleys mentioned?
Narmada, Tapi, and Mahanadi rift valleys; Satpura block mountains are also fault-formed.
Examples of relict + residual mountains in Peninsula?
Aravalli hills, Nallamala hills, Javadi hills, Veliconda hills, Palkonda range, Mahendragiri hills.
Elevation range of the Peninsular Plateau?
600-900 m above mean sea level (rises 150 m above the river plains).
This topic is part of the NCERT Class 11 Geography syllabus, drawn from the chapter Ch 2: Structure & Physiography. Content is cross-referenced against the latest NCERT textbook editions + standard reference works.
Use the interactive India map to learn physiography (class 11) the way memory works best — by spatial location. Each pin opens a flashcard. Mark "Knew it" or "Didn't know" to track your mastery over time.
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